Sierra Leone is bordered within the north-west, north and north-east by the Republic Guinea, on the south-east by the Republic of Liberia plus on south-west by the Atlantic Water. It has a great area of 27, 925 square miles. The colony of Sierra Leone originated from the sale and even cession in 1787 by native chiefs to English settlers of the piece involving land intended like a home for Photography equipment settlers who were waifs in London in addition to later it was used as a new settlement for freed African slaves. The particular hinterland was announced a British Protectorate on 21st August, 1896. Sierra Leone attained independence in 27th April, 61 and became a new Republic in 1971. Education is offered by both non-public and state-sponsored institutions. The current system of education is definitely 6-3-4-4 (that will be six years Main school, 3 years Jr Secondary School, several years Senior Extra School and 4 decades tertiary/higher education. This specific system is accompanied by non- official education.
CONCEPT INVOLVING EDUCATION
Education is usually frequently utilized in the particular sense of instruction in the school room, laboratory, workshop or even domestic science space and consists mostly within the imparting simply by the teacher, and the acquisition simply by pupils, of information and mental because well as guide skills. A wider meaning than instruction is that regarding schooling. In other words most that goes upon within the school because part of the pupil’s life generally there. It provides, among some other things, relationship in between pupils and instructors, pupils and enrollees both in in addition to outside the school. T. S. Mill (1931) opined that no matter what helps to form the human becoming; to make typically the individual what they are or prevent him from staying what he is not is a part of his / her education. Implicitly education and learning is lifelong and even ubiquitous; is it doesn’t amount total of just about all influences which go to make a particular person what he could be, by birth to passing away. It includes the home, our neighbors, along with the street among other folks.
Education is in order to some extent a new deliberate planned procedure devised and executed by the educator with the purpose regarding imbuing the learner with certain details, skills, of head and body while well as methods of behavior regarded as desirable. In section it is the learner’s personal reaction to the surroundings in which he lives. Education has three focal items: the individual/person upon whom the educator’s influences are introduced to bear; the society or community to which they belongs; and typically the whole context of reality within which usually the individual in addition to society play their part. Man is usually a social beast; he grows as a person through typically the impact of personality on personality; in addition to even for his basic physical wants he depend upon which aid and cooperation of his fellow adult men and women. With no society and the mutual support plus enrichment of encounters which it offers world is impossible plus the life associated with man, in Hobbes’ words, is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. “
One of typically the fundamental facts involving human existence is definitely the tension involving the pull of the particular past and the forward urge directly into the future, in between stability and switch, tradition and development. For effective lifestyle, man needs a circle of security, an area of established habits and relationship which forms dependable relationships. This is definitely also true of society. For it is effective functioning there must be a fundamental continuity of customs and outlook which in turn preserves its identification as a culture and safeguards this from the disruptive effects of change. Change must be for life and not stationary but this transform in turn must be controlled by the basic traditions of society. That is tradition which gives a nation its character and distinctiveness as a modern society. The conservation involving tradition therefore will be obviously crucial.
That has been acknowledged from time immemorial that the conservation of traditional education and learning has a vital part to play in the advancement the child. The children of today are the adults of down the road; they must be trained therefore, to will usually inherit and perpetuate the particular beliefs and ways of life peculiar to the particular society to which they belong. Intended for every society gets the desire to protect itself not just physically but since community consciously sharing certain aims, ideals and patterns of behaviour. This type regarding education is not necessarily formal throughout schools by way of classroom instruction but that will effected indirectly by means of the family and even from the impact in the individual associated with social influences and customs which the particular child cannot avoid. In Sierra Leone this social schooling included elaborate services of initiation including feats of endurance by which young guys and women must prove themselves worth the community. The ultimate goal was basically to produce somebody who was honest, respectful, experienced, cooperative, and who could conform to the social order involving the day. While Aristotle once mentioned “the constitution regarding a state will certainly suffer if schooling is neglected. Typically the citizens of some sort of state should always be educated to suit the constitution from the state. احسن جامعة فى مصر of character best suited to a cosmetic is the power which continues in order to sustain it as this is also the particular state force which usually originally created it” (p. I).
STANDARD EDUCATION IN COMMUNITY
Traditional education offers both an innovative and even conservation function within society; this can be a highly effective means of protecting a society’s practices, if not lifestyle. In the past the mother nature and needs associated with society played a vital part in determining the nature of education. Professor Michael. V. C. Jeffreys (1950) once composed in his guide, Glaucon, that “in a tranquil modern society the academic system can usually reflect the particular social pattern, whilst social uneasiness plus instability create opportunity for using education and learning as an device of social change”(p. 7). A related view was shared by John Dewey (1897) who opined that through schooling society can formulate an unique purposes, will organize its individual means and sources and thus save itself with definiteness and economy within the direction in which it wishes to be able to move. Education appearance both towards the past and the foreseeable future; inevitably it reflects the traditions in addition to character of modern society. Traditional education can be used to prepare for changes in society and even anticipate preventing alterations or the effects of changes in modern society.
Traditional education conserves and hands upon the customs and ways of living which constitute the smoothness of a community and maintains the unity. It furthermore helps society in order to interpret its functions in new ways to meet the challenges of change, looking for ways or traces of development which are consistent with the traditions and practices and will simultaneously raise society to a more complete completion of itself.
CONVENTIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS INSIDE SIERRA LEONE
Background reveals that now there were no formal schools where youngsters were educated throughout Pre-colonial Sierra Leone. The Poro plus Bondo/Sande Secret Communities were looked upon as institutions to teach youngsters. They were bush schools. And typically the education these rose bush schools provided was informal. Children who else went through these top secret societies were regarded as capable of carrying out their civic tasks. They became adults and can get married and start existence. They considered them selves jointly family. In other words the two Secret Societies a new sense of comradeship and unity among members irrespective of family, clan or perhaps ethnic affiliation. This was therefore deemed that children that had not been through these secret organizations were not totally matured.
The Poro Secret Society is definitely for boys. Typically the spiritual head involving the Poro Culture is Pa Gbonu, seen only by the older graduates or even members. The physical heads are the Pa Sama Yorgbors and Pa Somanos. They direct the particular activities of the institution. The senior course instructors are the Pa Kashis, who generally teach and present instructions to other initiators. The Pa Manchiyas serve as teachers to the starts while the Kachemas will be the scaring state of mind. They scare typically the women and kids alike with the new initiates. The Rakas are the errand boys carrying messages around. The Yambas are the head boys. The Bomos are the senior prefects while the Sayboms usually are the prefects; and the monitors are the Gbanaboms. Informal classes are held in the Secret Poro Rose bush. The subjects trained include Creative Functional Arts, Performing Arts, Practical Agriculture, Remedies i. e. use of local herbs for the treatment of various ailments), warfare and even other skills. In Creative Practical Martial arts initiates are educated how to make fishing nets, containers, mats, and etching wood and soap stones into distinct objects such because animals and humans; in Performing Martial arts initiates are educated singing, dancing and the use associated with Poro musical instruments. In Practical Farming initiates practice producing. Boys are educated to bear hardship with no complaint and develop comfortable with it. As a result they may be taken to be able to the farms of their teachers in addition to elders to job on pro bono basis. However throughout the harvest time initiates could go through these farms taking whatever they need and eat with out being questioned by farm owners. Starts are taught to respect elders plus use of pistols to kill pets or animals. In a related vein initiates are taught how to use guns inside fighting in defense of their residential areas. Other skills initiates are taught contain making fish tiger traps, fishing and shopping net, and basketry. In the use of herbs initiates pay money (some widely given) for healing various sicknesses as well as for protection against enemies, evil spirits and snake bites. Starts who want to cause hurt to others making use of herbs could ‘redeem’ the herb/medicine concerned. Over all initiates are taught the new Language used only by members called Ke Sornor. For example fonka trika meaning I am talking to a person; fonka bonomi meaning Talk to me. The use of this completely new Language makes teachers very proud plus feel different coming from non-initiates. Graduates take place out with brand new names such since Lamp, Langba and even Kolerr. A graduation ceremony climaxes the event.